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Data Warehousing

  Data Warehouse is open to an almost limitless range of definitions. Simply put, data warehouses store and aggregation of a company's data. Data warehouses are an important asset for organisations to maintain efficiency, profitability and competitive advantages, organisations collect data through many sources- online, call centre, sales needs, inventory management. The data collected have degrees values and business relevance. Figure shown below shows the architecture of a typical data warehouse and illustrate the gathering of data, the storage of data, and the quaring and data analysis support. Different steps involved in getting data into a warehouse are called as extract, transform and lode or ELT tasks; extraction refers to getting data from the sources, while loaders reference to loading the data into data warehouse. Characteristics of data warehouse: Multidimensional conceptual view Generic dimensionality Unlimited dimensions and aggregation le...
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DBMS: Normalization

Normalization : Normalization is the process of transformation of the conceptual schema of the database into a computer represent table form. Normalization is the process of removing the redundancies from incoming data.  Normalization is a technique to which helps the user to group the data and place the data in a table.  Normalization is a process which ensure the inconsistencies are not introduced into the database. Need of Normalization : we know with the time, most of databases grow time to time by adding new relations and relationships, the data may be used in different ways. Regularly the information may undergo series of updations in such situations, the performance of a database is entirely dependent upon its design.      A bad  database design  may lead to certain undesirable things: Repetition of information Inability to represent certain information  Loss of information Uses of Normalization: When data is large a...
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Hub, repeater, switch, router, gateway, bridge

HUB Hub is a controller that controls the traffic on the network.  The following important properties of hub are:  1) It amplify signals. 2) It propagates signals through the network. 3) It does not require filtering. 4) It does not require path determination for switching. 5) It is used as network concentration points. Hubs are basically two types: 1) Active hub 2) Passive hub Active hub: A ctive hub works as repeater which is a hardware device that regenerates the received bit pattern before sending them out . Passive hub : A passive hub is a simple hardware device which provide a simple physical connection between the attached devices. Advantages of hub: It cannot filter the traffic full stop feeling generally refers to a process or device that screens network traffic for certain characteristics such as source address and destination address and protocol. Disadvantages of hub: On a hub, more than one user may try to send data on the netwo...
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