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Hub, repeater, switch, router, gateway, bridge

HUB Hub is a controller that controls the traffic on the network.  The following important properties of hub are:  1) It amplify signals. 2) It propagates signals through the network. 3) It does not require filtering. 4) It does not require path determination for switching. 5) It is used as network concentration points. Hubs are basically two types: 1) Active hub 2) Passive hub Active hub: A ctive hub works as repeater which is a hardware device that regenerates the received bit pattern before sending them out . Passive hub : A passive hub is a simple hardware device which provide a simple physical connection between the attached devices. Advantages of hub: It cannot filter the traffic full stop feeling generally refers to a process or device that screens network traffic for certain characteristics such as source address and destination address and protocol. Disadvantages of hub: On a hub, more than one user may try to send data on the netwo...
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Data Warehousing

  Data Warehouse is open to an almost limitless range of definitions. Simply put, data warehouses store and aggregation of a company's data. Data warehouses are an important asset for organisations to maintain efficiency, profitability and competitive advantages, organisations collect data through many sources- online, call centre, sales needs, inventory management. The data collected have degrees values and business relevance. Figure shown below shows the architecture of a typical data warehouse and illustrate the gathering of data, the storage of data, and the quaring and data analysis support. Different steps involved in getting data into a warehouse are called as extract, transform and lode or ELT tasks; extraction refers to getting data from the sources, while loaders reference to loading the data into data warehouse. Characteristics of data warehouse: Multidimensional conceptual view Generic dimensionality Unlimited dimensions and aggregation le...
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Data Mining

Data mining is the discovery of useful patterns in data. Data mining are used for prediction analysis and classification- e.g; what is the likelihood that a customer will migrate to a competitor. OLAP, online analytical processing, is used to analyse historical data and its lies the business information required. OLAP are often used by marketing managers. Slice of data that are useful for marketing managers can be- How many customers between the ages 24 -25, that live in New York state, buy over $2,000 worth of groceries a month? Reporting tools are used to provide reports on the data. That are displayed to show relevance to the business and keep track of key performance indicators. Data visualization tools is used to display data from the data repository. Often data visualization is combined with data mining and OLAP tools. Data visualization can allow the user to manipulate that are to show relevancy and patterns. Clustering: Intuitively, clustering was the problem of ...
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